Difference between revisions of "Decision-making"

From CNM Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Classifications)
Line 5: Line 5:
  
 
===Programmed vs non-programmed===
 
===Programmed vs non-programmed===
#[[File:Discretion.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Decisional discretion]]]]'''[[Decision]]'''. A choice made from among two or more alternatives.
+
#[[File:Discretion.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Decisional discretion]]]]'''[[Decision]]'''. A choice made from among two or more alternatives. The criteria that define what's important or relevant to resolving a [[problem]] are known as [[decision criteria]]. The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation is known as [[decisional discretion]].
#'''[[Decision criteria]]'''. Criteria that define what's important or relevant to resolving a problem.
+
#*[[Programmed decision]]. Any [[decision]] to follow a [[policy]], [[operative rule]], another [[regulation]], or to routinely repeat one's previous decision that has been made while handling a similarly [[structured task]].
#*[[Quantitative approach in management]]. The use of quantitative techniques to improve [[decision-making]].
+
#*[[Non-programmed decision]] ([[Non-programmed decision|creative decision]]). A unique and nonrecurring [[decision]] that requires a custom-made [[solution]].
#*[[Decisional discretion]]. The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
#*[[Programmed decision]]. Any [[decision]] that is made while handling a [[structured task]]. These decisions are repetitive and can be handled by a routine approach. In [[enterprise]]s, [[programmed decision]]s are often made according to [[policy|polici]]es, [[operative rule]]s, etc.
 
#*[[Non-programmed decision]] ([[Non-programmed decision|creative decision]]). A unique and nonrecurring [[decision]] that requires a custom-made solution.
 
  
 
===Individual vs collective===
 
===Individual vs collective===

Revision as of 20:02, 14 June 2020

Decision-making (alternatively spelled, decision making) is the action, process, and/or creative behavior of making decisions.


Classifications

Programmed vs non-programmed

  1. Decision. A choice made from among two or more alternatives. The criteria that define what's important or relevant to resolving a problem are known as decision criteria. The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation is known as decisional discretion.

Individual vs collective

Approaches

Intuitive

Rational

Ad hoc

Tendencies

Optimizing vs. satisficing

Conservative vs aggressive

Process types

Agile vs rigid

Linear vs nonlinear

  1. Intuitive decision-making. Unconscious decision-making on the basis of distilled experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment.
  2. Rational decision-making. Decision-making that produces choices that are logical and consistent and maximize value.
    • Rationale. A reasoning characterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specified constraints.
  3. Controlled expectancy. A situation in which a decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes.
    • Certainty. A situation in which a decision maker can make accurate decisions because all outcomes are known.
    • Uncertainty. A situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available.
  4. Ad hoc decision-making.
  5. Core self-evaluation. Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capacities, competence, and worth as a person. In other words, self-believing in one's inner worth and basic competence.
    • General mental ability. An overall factor of intelligence, as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.
  6. Decisional tendency.
    • Bounded rationality. Decision-making that is rational, but limited (bounded) by an individual's ability to process information. In other words, bounded rationality is a process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
    • Escalation of commitment. An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence it may have been wrong.
    • Risk aversion. The tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff.
  7. Decision-making dilemma. Optimizing vs. satisficing, intuitive vs rational vs ad hoc, Agile vs rigid, conservative vs aggressive, linear vs nonlinear
    • Satisfice. Acceptance of solutions that are "good enough."
    • Allostasis. Working to change behavior and attitude to find stability.

Considerations

Self-regulation

  1. Self-regulation strategy.
    • Prevention focus. A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals by fulfilling duties and obligations.
    • Promotion focus. A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals through advancement and accomplishment.

Ethics

  1. Ethical dilemma. A situation in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct.