Difference between revisions of "Concept Management Quarter"

From CNM Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Methods)
 
(60 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Change Management Quarter]] (hereinafter, the ''Quarter'') is a lecture introducing the learners to [[portfolio implementation]]s primarily through key topics related to [[iterative development]]. The ''Quarter'' is the last of four lectures of [[Portfolio Quadrivium]], which is the first of seven modules of '''[[Septem Artes Administrativi]]''' (hereinafter, the ''Course''). The ''Course'' is designed to introduce the learners to general concepts in [[business administration]], [[management]], and [[organizational behavior]].
+
[[Concept Management Quarter]] (hereinafter, the ''Quarter'') is a lecture introducing the learners to [[portfolio planning]] primarily through key topics related to [[change management]]. The ''Quarter'' is the last of four lectures of [[Portfolio Quadrivium]], which is the first of seven modules of '''[[Septem Artes Administrativi]]''' (hereinafter, the ''Course''). The ''Course'' is designed to introduce the learners to general concepts in [[business administration]], [[management]], and [[organizational behavior]].
  
  
 
==Outline==
 
==Outline==
''[[Enterprise Architecture Quarter]] is the predecessor lecture.  In the [[enterprise design]] series, the previous lecture is [[Organizational Culture Quarter]].''
+
''[[Enterprise Architecture Quarter]] is the predecessor lecture.  In the [[enterprise envisioning]] series, the previous lecture is [[Organizational Culture Quarter]].''
:[[Portfolio implementation]] is the [[enterprise implementation]] of the [[enterprise portfolio]]. This lecture concentrates on [[iterative development]] because this ''development'' is the main technique to do that.  
+
:[[Portfolio management]] is the [[enterprise planning]] of the [[enterprise portfolio]]. This lecture concentrates on [[iterative development]] because this ''development'' is the main technique to do that.  
  
 
===Concepts===
 
===Concepts===
#'''[[Change management]]'''. (1) The management of change and development within an [[enterprise]]; (2) The controlled identification and implementation of required changes within a computer system; (3) [[Change-control management]].
+
#'''[[Concept management]]'''. Handling of [[concept]]s.
#*[[Enterprise change management]]. Practice and a set of concepts based on that practice of preparing and supporting of [[enterprise]]s, their [[stakeholder]]s and [[technology]] in making [[enterprise change]].
+
#*[[Records management]].
 +
#*[[Idea management]]. Handling of [[change idea]]s.
 
#'''[[Enterprise goal]]'''. A desired [[enterprise outcome|outcome]] towards which the [[enterprise effort]] is directed.
 
#'''[[Enterprise goal]]'''. A desired [[enterprise outcome|outcome]] towards which the [[enterprise effort]] is directed.
 
#*[[Goal]] (objective). Desired outcome or target.
 
#*[[Goal]] (objective). Desired outcome or target.
Line 33: Line 34:
 
#*[[Business report]]. An account given of a particular business matter, especially in the form of an official document, after thorough investigation or consideration by an appointed person or body.
 
#*[[Business report]]. An account given of a particular business matter, especially in the form of an official document, after thorough investigation or consideration by an appointed person or body.
 
#*[[Progress report]]. An account given of state of a [[project]], [[operations]], or other [[enterprise effort]].
 
#*[[Progress report]]. An account given of state of a [[project]], [[operations]], or other [[enterprise effort]].
#'''[[Planning]]'''. [[Management function]] and [[administrative process]] that involves defining goals, setting objectives based on those goals, establishing strategies for achieving those objectives, and developing plans in order to integrate and coordinate those activities that would implement the strategies.<blockquote><table class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"><tr><td rowspan="2">Breath of plan</td><th rowspan="2">[[Portfolio]]</th><th colspan="3">[[Project]]</th><th rowspan="2">[[Operations]]</th></tr><tr><th>[[Product]]</th><th>[[Solution]]</th><th>[[Procurement]]</th></tr><tr><th>Time frame</th><td colspan="2">[[Long-term plan]]</td><td>[[Short-term plan]]</td><td colspan="3">Vary</td></tr><tr><th>Specificity</th><td colspan="2">[[Directional plan]]</td><td>Vary</td><td colspan="2">[[Specific plan]]</td></tr><tr><th>Frequency of use</th><td colspan="4">[[Single-use plan]]</td><td>[[Standing plan]]</td></tr></table></blockquote>
+
#'''[[Planning]]'''. [[Management function]] and [[administrative process]] that involves defining goals, setting objectives based on those goals, establishing strategies for achieving those objectives, and developing plans in order to integrate and coordinate those activities that would implement the strategies.<blockquote><table class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"><tr><td rowspan="2">Breath of plan</td><th rowspan="2">[[Portfolio]]</th><th colspan="3">[[Project]]</th><th rowspan="2">[[Operations]]</th></tr><tr><th>[[market exchangeable]]</th><th>[[Solution]]</th><th>[[Procurement]]</th></tr><tr><th>Time frame</th><td colspan="2">[[Long-term plan]]</td><td>[[Short-term plan]]</td><td colspan="3">Vary</td></tr><tr><th>Specificity</th><td colspan="2">[[Directional plan]]</td><td>Vary</td><td colspan="2">[[Specific plan]]</td></tr><tr><th>Frequency of use</th><td colspan="4">[[Single-use plan]]</td><td>[[Standing plan]]</td></tr></table></blockquote>
#*[[Sprint plan]]. The tangible outcome of a [[Sprint planning meeting]]. The [[Sprint plan]] is a written document assembled by the development team and includes 1) the goal for the sprint—a brief description of the product or deliverable to be completed by the end of the sprint, and 2) a detailed list of the Product Backlog Items (PBIs) or user stories the team has committed to completing by the end of the sprint, based on the team’s availability and velocity. Each PBI or user story is broken down into tasks according to the priority set by the product owner and assigned to a team member.  
+
#*[[Sprint plan]]. The tangible outcome of a [[Sprint planning meeting]]. The [[Sprint plan]] is a written document assembled by the development team and includes 1) the goal for the sprint—a brief description of the product or deliverable to be completed by the end of the sprint, and 2) a detailed list of the [[product backlog item]]s ([[product backlog item|PBI]]s) or [[user story|user stori]]es the team has committed to completing by the end of the [[sprint]], based on the team’s availability and velocity. Each [[product backlog item|PBI]] or [[user story]] is broken down into tasks according to the priority set by the [[product owner]] and assigned to a team member.  
 
#*[[Specific plan]]. A [[plan]] that is clearly defined and leaves no room for interpretation.
 
#*[[Specific plan]]. A [[plan]] that is clearly defined and leaves no room for interpretation.
 
#*[[Standing plan]]. An ongoing [[plan]] that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly.
 
#*[[Standing plan]]. An ongoing [[plan]] that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly.
Line 44: Line 45:
 
#*[[Release plan]]. The [[plan]] that outlines the features to be included in an upcoming release and provides an estimated date for the release. The plan should include responsibilities, resources, and activities  required to complete the release.
 
#*[[Release plan]]. The [[plan]] that outlines the features to be included in an upcoming release and provides an estimated date for the release. The plan should include responsibilities, resources, and activities  required to complete the release.
 
#'''[[Procurement plan]]'''.  
 
#'''[[Procurement plan]]'''.  
#*[[Commercial-off-the-shelf software]] (COTS). Software developed and sold for a particular market.
+
#*[[Commercial off-the-shelf software]] ([[COTS software]]). Software developed and sold for a particular market.
 
#*[[Make or buy]] (or [[build vs buy]]). The act of choosing between manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an external supplier.
 
#*[[Make or buy]] (or [[build vs buy]]). The act of choosing between manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an external supplier.
 
#*[[Total cost of ownership]].  
 
#*[[Total cost of ownership]].  
#'''[[Impediment]]'''. Any obstacle that prevents an individual or team from completing a task or project. Unscheduled meetings, technical issues, lack of knowledge or expertise, a distracting workplace, and office conflict are all examples of impediments.
 
#*[[Impediment backlog]]. A visible or nonvisible list of impediments in a priority order according to how seriously they are blocking the team from productivity.
 
#*[[Feature creep]]. The tendency to add additional requirements or features to a project after development is already underway. Feature creep can occur on either a project or sprint level.
 
 
#'''[[Risk management]]'''. A process of identifying what can go wrong and making plans that will enable a system to achieve its goals.
 
#'''[[Risk management]]'''. A process of identifying what can go wrong and making plans that will enable a system to achieve its goals.
 
#*[[Risk response plan]]. A document detailing identified risks, including description, cause, probability of occurring, impact(s) on objectives, proposed responses, owners, and current status. The proposed responses may utilize [[risk-response technique]]s such as [[risk avoidance|avoidance]], [[risk mitigation|avoidance]], [[risk transference|avoidance]], and [[risk acceptance|acceptance]] that are designed to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project's objectives. The tools include .
 
#*[[Risk response plan]]. A document detailing identified risks, including description, cause, probability of occurring, impact(s) on objectives, proposed responses, owners, and current status. The proposed responses may utilize [[risk-response technique]]s such as [[risk avoidance|avoidance]], [[risk mitigation|avoidance]], [[risk transference|avoidance]], and [[risk acceptance|acceptance]] that are designed to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project's objectives. The tools include .
 
#*[[Contingency planning]]. The development of a management plan that identifies alternative strategies to be used to ensure project success if specified risk events occur.
 
#*[[Contingency planning]]. The development of a management plan that identifies alternative strategies to be used to ensure project success if specified risk events occur.
 
#*[[Workaround]]. A response to a negative risk event. Distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned in advance of the occurrence of the risk event.
 
#*[[Workaround]]. A response to a negative risk event. Distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned in advance of the occurrence of the risk event.
#'''[[Change resistance source]]'''. <blockquote><table class="wikitable" width=100%><tr><td style="text-align:center;">Category</td><th>[[Change resistance source]]</th></tr><tr><th>[[Individual change-resistance source]]</th><td><ul><li>[[Habit]]. </li><li>[[Personal security]]. </li><li>[[Economic factor]]. </li><li>[[Fear of the unknown]]. </li><li>[[Selective information processing]]. </li></ul></td></tr><tr><th>[[Enterprise change-resistance source]]</th><td><ul><li>[[Structural inertia]]. </li><li>[[Limited focus of change]]. </li><li>[[Group inertia]]. </li><li>[[Threat to expertise]]. </li><li>[[Threat to established power relationships]]. </li></ul></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+
#'''[[Knowledge management]]'''. Handling of [[enterprise information]].
#'''[[Configuration management]]'''. [[Enterprise effort]]s undertaken in order to establish and further manage consistency of a product's or [[system]]'s performance, functional, and physical attributes with its requirements, design, and operational information throughout its life.
+
#*[[File:Knowledge.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Knowledge]]]][[Knowledge]]. (1) Facts, information, and skills acquired by a [[legal entity]] through experience or [[learning]]; (2) The theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (3) Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
#*[[Version control]]. The task of organizing a system or product containing many versions.
+
#*[[Strategic flexibility]]. The ability to recognize major external changes, to quickly commit resources, and to recognize when a strategic decision was a mistake.
#*[[Continuous integration]] (CI). A software engineering practice that involves continual integration of new development code into the existing codebase.  
 
 
#'''[[Continuous improvement]]'''. A process of improving quality and efficiency by making small, incremental changes over time. In Kanban, continuous improvement refers specifically to the process of optimizing workflow and reducing cycle time, resulting in increased productivity.  
 
#'''[[Continuous improvement]]'''. A process of improving quality and efficiency by making small, incremental changes over time. In Kanban, continuous improvement refers specifically to the process of optimizing workflow and reducing cycle time, resulting in increased productivity.  
 
#*[[Requirements management]]. The activities that control requirements development, including requirements change control, requirements attributes definition, and requirements traceability.
 
#*[[Requirements management]]. The activities that control requirements development, including requirements change control, requirements attributes definition, and requirements traceability.
 
#*[[Requirements risk mitigation strategy]]. An analysis of requirements-related risks that ranks risks and identifies actions to avoid or minimize those risks.
 
#*[[Requirements risk mitigation strategy]]. An analysis of requirements-related risks that ranks risks and identifies actions to avoid or minimize those risks.
 
#*[[Kaizen]]. In Japanese, the word means "improvement". This is the philosophy of continuous process improvement using analytical tools and methods.
 
#*[[Kaizen]]. In Japanese, the word means "improvement". This is the philosophy of continuous process improvement using analytical tools and methods.
#*[[Paradox theory]]. The theory that the key paradox in management is that there is no final status for an [[enterprise]].
+
#*[[Paradox theory]]. The theory that the key paradox in [[enterprise administration]] is that there is no final status for an [[enterprise]].
#'''[[Change-control management]]'''. Practice and a set of concepts based on that practice of [[change control]].
 
#*[[Change control]]. A formal procedure used to ensure that changes to [[agreement]]s and their derivatives, especially [[baseline]]s, are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner in order to ensure that no unnecessary changes are made, that all changes are documented, that services are not unnecessarily disrupted and that resources are used efficiently. Usually, the [[performing organization]] is responsible for [[change-control management]], but the [[change control board]] makes decisions whether to approve, decline, or modify [[change request]]s.
 
  
 
===Roles===
 
===Roles===
#[[File:Change-control.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Change control board]]]]'''[[Change control board]]''' (CCB). A formally constituted group of stakeholders who is able to change [[requirement baseline]]s or, in other words, to make decisions regarding the disposition and treatment of changing requirements. The most common decisions are ''approve'' or ''reject''.
+
#'''[[Top manager]]'''. A [[manager]] at or near the upper levels of the [[organizational structure]] who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire [[organization]].
#'''[[Task force]]''' (ad hoc committee). A temporary committee or team formed to tackle a specific short-term problem affecting several departments.
+
#*[[Chief executive]]. An individual who determines and formulates policies and provides overall direction of [[enterprise]]s within guidelines set up by a [[board of directors]] or similar governing body. He or she plans, directs, or coordinates operational activities at the highest level of [[management]] with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
 +
#'''[[Board of directors]]'''. A group of influential individuals, elected by stockholders, chosen to over see the affairs of a company. A board typically includes investors and mentors. Not all startups have a board, but investors typically require a board seat in exchange for an investment in a company.
 
#'''[[Document management specialist]]'''. A professional who implements and administers enterprise-wide [[document management system]]s and related procedures that allow enterprises to capture, store, retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents.
 
#'''[[Document management specialist]]'''. A professional who implements and administers enterprise-wide [[document management system]]s and related procedures that allow enterprises to capture, store, retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents.
  
 
===Methods===
 
===Methods===
#'''[[PDCA]]''' ([[Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle]]). An iterative four-step management method created by W. Edwards Deming.
+
#'''[[Management method]]'''.
#[[File:Dadi.png|400px|thumb|right|[[DADI]]]]'''[[DADI]]''' (or [[DADI|DADI pattern]]). The enterprise development pattern that divides [[enterprise administration]] in four batches: [[Enterprise discovery|'''D'''iscovery]] (D), [[Enterprise analysis|'''A'''nalysis]] (A), [[Enterprise design|'''D'''esign]] (D), and [[Enterprise implementation|'''I'''mplementation]] (I). Although the batches tend to be both consecutive and complete, this statement is rarely true. Most frequently, [[Enterprise discovery|'''D'''iscovery]] can occur at any time and the newly discovered data re-starts the process.
+
#*[[PDCA]] ([[Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle]]). An iterative four-step management method created by W. Edwards Deming.
#*[[Deductive DADI]].  
+
#*[[OODA loop]].
#*[[Inductive DADI]].
+
#[[File:Dadi.png|400px|thumb|right|[[DREPD]]]]'''[[DREPD]]''' (or [[DREPD|DREPD cycle]]). The enterprise development pattern that divides [[enterprise administration]] in four batches: [[Enterprise discovery|'''D'''iscovery]] (D), [[Enterprise research|'''R'''esearch]] (R), [[Enterprise envisioning|'''E'''nvisioning]] (E), and [[Enterprise planning|'''P'''lanning]] (P). Although the batches tend to be both consecutive and complete, this statement is rarely true. Most frequently, [[Enterprise discovery|'''D'''iscovery]] can occur at any time and the newly discovered data re-starts the process.
#*[[File:Double-dadi.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Double DADI]]]][[Double DADI]].
+
#*[[Deductive DREPD]].  
#'''[[Change-promoting technique]]'''.
+
#*[[Inductive DREPD]].
#*[[Change education]].  
+
#*[[File:Double-dadi.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Viable DREPD]]]][[Viable DREPD]]. A pattern that consists of both [[Deductive DREPD]] and [[Inductive DREPD]].
#*[[Change communication]].
+
#'''[[Collaborating, learning and adapting]]''' ([[Collaborating, learning and adapting|CLA]]). A method employed in [[adaptive management]] that suggests a specific sequence of designing, implementing, adapting, and evaluating programs conducted in [[uncertain environment]]s.
#*[[Change participation]].  
+
#*[[Adaptive collaboration]]. Collaborating intentionally with stakeholders in order to extensively monitor the environment, to share knowledge, and to reduce duplication of effort.
#*[[Change-support building]].
+
#*[[Adaptive monitoring]]. Systematic acquiring data of results and factors emerged in the environment, learning systematically by drawing on evidence from a variety of sources, and taking the time to reflect on implementation.
#*[[Change-commitment acquiring]].  
+
#*[[Continuous adoption]]. Making quick adjustments to the newly-discovered factors based on applied learning.
#*[[Change-promoting relationship]].  
+
#'''[[Three-stage model of creativity]]'''. The proposition that [[creativity]] involves three stages: causes (creative potential and creative environment), [[creative behavior]], and creative outcomes ([[innovation]]).
#*[[Change manipulation]].  
 
#*[[Change cooptation]].  
 
#*[[Change-agent development]].
 
#*[[Change coercion]].  
 
#'''[[Development methodology]]'''.  
 
#*[[Methodology]]. A set of processes, rules, templates, and working methods that prescribe how business analysis, solution development and implementation is performed in a particular context.
 
#*[[Plan-driven methodology]]. Any methodology that emphasizes planning and formal documentation of the processes used to accomplish a project and of the results of the project. Plan-driven methodologies emphasize the reduction of risk and control over outcomes over the rapid delivery of a solution.
 
#*[[Change-driven methodology]]. A methodology that focuses on rapid delivery of solution capabilities in an incremental fashion and direct involvement of stakeholders to gather feedback on the solution's performance.
 
#'''[[Make-or-buy decision]]'''. The act of choosing between manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an external supplier.
 
  
 
===Instruments===
 
===Instruments===
#'''[[Change implementation model]]'''. <blockquote><table class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"><tr><th>Step</th><td>Objective</td><th>Suggested actions</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><th>Sense of urgency</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Consider possible [[change agent]]s and resisting forces.</li><li>Create a compelling reason for why change is needed.</li><li>Communicate the reason to the entire enterprise or potential [[change agent]]s.</li><li></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><th>Coalition</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><th>Vision</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Using the created coalition, formulate a new vision to direct change and strategies for achieving the vision.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><th>Official announcement</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Make the vision official.</li><li>Communicate both the vision and, possibly, its reasoning and achieving strategies.</li><li>Enlist a volunteer army.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><th>Coalition empowerment</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Empower others to act on the vision by removing barriers to change and encouraging risk taking and creative problem solving.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><th>First results</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins: that move the enterprise toward the new vision.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><th>Meeting challenges</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Consolidate improvements.</li><li>Reassess changes.</li><li>Make necessary adjustments in the new programs.</li><li>Sustain acceleration.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><th>Change&nbsp;institutionalization</th><td style="text-align:left;"><ul><li>Reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and enterprise success.</li></ul></td></tr></table></blockquote>
 
#[[File:Change-model.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Change process model]]]]'''[[Change process model]]'''.
 
#*[[File:Status-quo.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Status quo]]]][[Status quo]].
 
 
#'''[[Document management system]]'''.
 
#'''[[Document management system]]'''.
 
#*[[Document management software]].
 
#*[[Document management software]].
 +
#'''[[Knowledge management system]]'''. Any system, tangible or software, that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, mines repositories for hidden knowledge, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the [[knowledge management]] process.
 +
#*[[MediaWiki]]. The most popular [[open-source]] [[wiki engine]] that runs on many [[website]]s, including [https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] and this very website. This software is written in the [[PHP]] [[programming language]] and stores the contents into a [[database]].
  
 
===Results===
 
===Results===
 
#'''[[Strategic plan]]'''. A [[plan]] that applies to the entire enterprise, formalizes its [[enterprise portfolio]], and establishes the enterprise's overall goals. This ''plan'' also defines its [[business model]]s and may or may not include related [[competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es.
 
#'''[[Strategic plan]]'''. A [[plan]] that applies to the entire enterprise, formalizes its [[enterprise portfolio]], and establishes the enterprise's overall goals. This ''plan'' also defines its [[business model]]s and may or may not include related [[competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es.
#*[[Strategy]]. The plan for how the organization will do what it's in business to do, how it will compete successfully, and how it will attract and satisfy its customers in order to achieve its goals.
+
#*[[Strategy]]. A plan of action and/or [[policy]] designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
 
#*[[Commitment concept]]. Plans should extend for enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed.
 
#*[[Commitment concept]]. Plans should extend for enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed.
 
#*[[Roadmap]]. A strategic plan to create a product or complete a project. A roadmap describes the individual steps required to meet a set of goals or objectives.
 
#*[[Roadmap]]. A strategic plan to create a product or complete a project. A roadmap describes the individual steps required to meet a set of goals or objectives.
Line 110: Line 96:
 
*Some practitioners believe that [[business plan]]s have no value for the business itself.<blockquote>No business plan survives first contact with customers -- ''[[Steve Blank]], entrepreneur''</blockquote>Indeed, it is impossible or almost impossible to predict revenues with no historical data. Furthermore, every [[bank]] asks about a [[business plan]], but no real [[bank]] provides a business with external funding based on a [[business plan]] alone. Taking into consideration these observations, [[business plan]]s may be considered as documents that [[bank]]s need in order to report to the government and to use in their public relations that the banks support business.   
 
*Some practitioners believe that [[business plan]]s have no value for the business itself.<blockquote>No business plan survives first contact with customers -- ''[[Steve Blank]], entrepreneur''</blockquote>Indeed, it is impossible or almost impossible to predict revenues with no historical data. Furthermore, every [[bank]] asks about a [[business plan]], but no real [[bank]] provides a business with external funding based on a [[business plan]] alone. Taking into consideration these observations, [[business plan]]s may be considered as documents that [[bank]]s need in order to report to the government and to use in their public relations that the banks support business.   
  
''[[Validated Learning Quarter]] is the successor lecture. In the [[enterprise implementation]] series, the next lecture is [[Project Management Quarter]].''
+
''[[Validated Learning Quarter]] is the successor lecture. In the [[enterprise planning]] series, the next lecture is [[Project Management Quarter]].''
  
 
==Materials==
 
==Materials==
Line 120: Line 106:
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 +
[[Category: Septem Artes Administrativi]][[Category: Lecture notes]]

Latest revision as of 16:30, 5 May 2023

Concept Management Quarter (hereinafter, the Quarter) is a lecture introducing the learners to portfolio planning primarily through key topics related to change management. The Quarter is the last of four lectures of Portfolio Quadrivium, which is the first of seven modules of Septem Artes Administrativi (hereinafter, the Course). The Course is designed to introduce the learners to general concepts in business administration, management, and organizational behavior.


Outline

Enterprise Architecture Quarter is the predecessor lecture. In the enterprise envisioning series, the previous lecture is Organizational Culture Quarter.

Portfolio management is the enterprise planning of the enterprise portfolio. This lecture concentrates on iterative development because this development is the main technique to do that.

Concepts

  1. Concept management. Handling of concepts.
  2. Enterprise goal. A desired outcome towards which the enterprise effort is directed.
    • Goal (objective). Desired outcome or target.
    • Real goal. A goal that an organization actually pursues, as defined by the actions of its members.
    • Means-end chain. An integrated network of goals in which the accomplishment of goals at one level serves as the means for achieving the goals, or ends, at the next level.
    • Stated goal. An official statement of what an organization says, and what it wants its various stakeholders to believe, its goals are.
  3. Vision statement. A formal articulation of an organization's vision or mission.
    • Business goal. A state or condition the business must satisfy to reach its vision.
    • Business policy. A business policy is a non-actionable directive that supports a business goal.
    • Business rule(s). A business rule is a specific, actionable, testable directive that is under the control of the business and supports a business policy.
    • Business plan. A written document that interprets the strategic plan for enterprise stakeholders, for instance, financial or governmental institutions with regard to a business opportunity and articulation of how the identified opportunity is to be seized and exploited.
  4. Enterprise administration. Practice and a set of concepts, based on that practice, that define culture of administering all enterprise efforts from identifying business opportunities and up to getting of all enterprise outcomes and/or achieving enterprise impacts.
    • Administration. The process or activity of running a business, organization, etc. or the officials who executive that process or activity.
    • Management. The process or activity of dealing with or controlling things or people.
  5. Strategic management. What managers do to develop the enterprise's strategies, policies, and operative rules.
  6. Enterprise result. Any enterprise output, outcome, benefit, and/or drawback that effects somebody or something or may be perceived as effecting somebody or something.
  7. Planning. Management function and administrative process that involves defining goals, setting objectives based on those goals, establishing strategies for achieving those objectives, and developing plans in order to integrate and coordinate those activities that would implement the strategies.
    Breath of planPortfolioProjectOperations
    market exchangeableSolutionProcurement
    Time frameLong-term planShort-term planVary
    SpecificityDirectional planVarySpecific plan
    Frequency of useSingle-use planStanding plan
    • Sprint plan. The tangible outcome of a Sprint planning meeting. The Sprint plan is a written document assembled by the development team and includes 1) the goal for the sprint—a brief description of the product or deliverable to be completed by the end of the sprint, and 2) a detailed list of the product backlog items (PBIs) or user stories the team has committed to completing by the end of the sprint, based on the team’s availability and velocity. Each PBI or user story is broken down into tasks according to the priority set by the product owner and assigned to a team member.
    • Specific plan. A plan that is clearly defined and leaves no room for interpretation.
    • Standing plan. An ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly.
    • Short-term plan. A plan covering one year or less.
    • Single-use plan. A one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.
    • Directional plan. A plan that is flexible and sets out general guidelines.
    • Formal planning department. A group of planning specialists whose sole responsibility is helping to write organizational plans.
    • Long-term plan. A plan with a time frame beyond three years.
    • Release plan. The plan that outlines the features to be included in an upcoming release and provides an estimated date for the release. The plan should include responsibilities, resources, and activities required to complete the release.
  8. Procurement plan.
  9. Risk management. A process of identifying what can go wrong and making plans that will enable a system to achieve its goals.
    • Risk response plan. A document detailing identified risks, including description, cause, probability of occurring, impact(s) on objectives, proposed responses, owners, and current status. The proposed responses may utilize risk-response techniques such as avoidance, avoidance, avoidance, and acceptance that are designed to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project's objectives. The tools include .
    • Contingency planning. The development of a management plan that identifies alternative strategies to be used to ensure project success if specified risk events occur.
    • Workaround. A response to a negative risk event. Distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned in advance of the occurrence of the risk event.
  10. Knowledge management. Handling of enterprise information.
    • Knowledge. (1) Facts, information, and skills acquired by a legal entity through experience or learning; (2) The theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (3) Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
    • Strategic flexibility. The ability to recognize major external changes, to quickly commit resources, and to recognize when a strategic decision was a mistake.
  11. Continuous improvement. A process of improving quality and efficiency by making small, incremental changes over time. In Kanban, continuous improvement refers specifically to the process of optimizing workflow and reducing cycle time, resulting in increased productivity.
    • Requirements management. The activities that control requirements development, including requirements change control, requirements attributes definition, and requirements traceability.
    • Requirements risk mitigation strategy. An analysis of requirements-related risks that ranks risks and identifies actions to avoid or minimize those risks.
    • Kaizen. In Japanese, the word means "improvement". This is the philosophy of continuous process improvement using analytical tools and methods.
    • Paradox theory. The theory that the key paradox in enterprise administration is that there is no final status for an enterprise.

Roles

  1. Top manager. A manager at or near the upper levels of the organizational structure who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.
    • Chief executive. An individual who determines and formulates policies and provides overall direction of enterprises within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. He or she plans, directs, or coordinates operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
  2. Board of directors. A group of influential individuals, elected by stockholders, chosen to over see the affairs of a company. A board typically includes investors and mentors. Not all startups have a board, but investors typically require a board seat in exchange for an investment in a company.
  3. Document management specialist. A professional who implements and administers enterprise-wide document management systems and related procedures that allow enterprises to capture, store, retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents.

Methods

  1. Management method.
  2. DREPD (or DREPD cycle). The enterprise development pattern that divides enterprise administration in four batches: Discovery (D), Research (R), Envisioning (E), and Planning (P). Although the batches tend to be both consecutive and complete, this statement is rarely true. Most frequently, Discovery can occur at any time and the newly discovered data re-starts the process.
  3. Collaborating, learning and adapting (CLA). A method employed in adaptive management that suggests a specific sequence of designing, implementing, adapting, and evaluating programs conducted in uncertain environments.
    • Adaptive collaboration. Collaborating intentionally with stakeholders in order to extensively monitor the environment, to share knowledge, and to reduce duplication of effort.
    • Adaptive monitoring. Systematic acquiring data of results and factors emerged in the environment, learning systematically by drawing on evidence from a variety of sources, and taking the time to reflect on implementation.
    • Continuous adoption. Making quick adjustments to the newly-discovered factors based on applied learning.
  4. Three-stage model of creativity. The proposition that creativity involves three stages: causes (creative potential and creative environment), creative behavior, and creative outcomes (innovation).

Instruments

  1. Document management system.
  2. Knowledge management system. Any system, tangible or software, that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, mines repositories for hidden knowledge, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the knowledge management process.

Results

  1. Strategic plan. A plan that applies to the entire enterprise, formalizes its enterprise portfolio, and establishes the enterprise's overall goals. This plan also defines its business models and may or may not include related competitive strategies.
    • Strategy. A plan of action and/or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
    • Commitment concept. Plans should extend for enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed.
    • Roadmap. A strategic plan to create a product or complete a project. A roadmap describes the individual steps required to meet a set of goals or objectives.

Practices

  • Some practitioners believe that business plans have no value for the business itself.

    No business plan survives first contact with customers -- Steve Blank, entrepreneur

    Indeed, it is impossible or almost impossible to predict revenues with no historical data. Furthermore, every bank asks about a business plan, but no real bank provides a business with external funding based on a business plan alone. Taking into consideration these observations, business plans may be considered as documents that banks need in order to report to the government and to use in their public relations that the banks support business.

Validated Learning Quarter is the successor lecture. In the enterprise planning series, the next lecture is Project Management Quarter.

Materials

Recorded audio

Recorded video

Live sessions

Texts and graphics

See also