Operations Management Quarter

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Operations Management Quarter (hereinafter, the Quarter) is a lecture introducing the learners to operations implementations primarily through key topics related to operations management. The Quarter is the last of four lectures of Operations Quadrivium, which is the third of seven modules of Septem Artes Administrativi (hereinafter, the Course). The Course is designed to introduce the learners to general concepts in business administration, management, and organizational behavior.


Outline

Process Engineering Quarter is the predecessor lecture. In the enterprise implementation series, the previous lecture is Project Management Quarter.

Concepts

  1. Operations management. (1) Practice and a set of concepts, based on that practice, that define culture of managing of operations; (2) A group who is responsible for overseeing all aspects of a customer's production resources.
  2. Knowledge management. Handling of enterprise information.
    • Knowledge. (1) Facts, information, and skills acquired by a legal entity through experience or learning; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (2) Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
    • Idea management. Handling of concepts.
    • Strategic flexibility. The ability to recognize major external changes, to quickly commit resources, and to recognize when a strategic decision was a mistake.
  3. Value chain management. The process of managing the sequence of activities and information along the entire value chain.
    • Business development. The activity of pursuing strategic opportunities for a particular business or enterprise, for example by cultivating partnerships or other commercial relationships, or identifying new markets for its products or services.
    • Deployment. Introduction of a new activity, procedure, or program to an organization.
  4. Compliance management. Management of regulatory compliance for a particular business and/or at a particular enterprise.
  5. Management responsibility. The state or fact of managers having a duty to deal with enterprise challenges and/or of having control over subordinates.
  6. Management function. An activity or purpose natural to a manager.
  7. Authority. The rights inherent in a managerial position to establish policies and/or give orders to subordinates to expect the orders to be obeyed.
    • Line authority. Authority that entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee.
    • Staff authority. Positions with some authority that have been created to support, assist, and advise those holding line authority.
    • Chain of command. The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom.
    • Responsibility. The obligation of expectation to perform any assigned duties.
    • Human resource planning. Ensuring that the organization has the right number and kinds of capable people in the right places and at the right times.
  8. Universality of management. The reality that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels, in all organizational areas, and in organizations no matter where located.
  9. Task. The lowest level of enterprise effort. In Agile methodology, a task is a single unit of work broken down from a user story. In project management, a task is a generic term for work that is not included in the work breakdown structure, but potentially could be a further decomposition of work by the individuals responsible for that work. A task is usually completed by just one person and is a part of an activity.
    • Sprint task. A single small item of work that helps one particular story reach completion.
    • Task board. A physical or online visual representation of user stories broken down into tasks or work units. A physical task board can be as simple as a whiteboard with three columns labeled To Do, Doing, and Done; colored post-it notes or index cards representing tasks are placed in the column that reflects the task's current state. A task board can be expanded to hold more columns and can also include horizontal swim lanes.
    • Task list. A list of tasks needed to complete the set of stories committed to a sprint.
    • Task identity. The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.
    • Task significance. The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.
    • Task structure. One of Fiedler's situational contingencies that describes the degree to which job assignments are formalized and structured.
  10. Traditional goal-setting. An approach to setting goals in which top managers set goals that then flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational area.
    • Span of control. The number of employees a manager is directly responsible for.
  11. Management approach.
    • Classical approach in management concepts. First studies of management, which emphasized nationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.
    • Scientific management. An approach that involves using the scientific method to find the "one best way" for a job to be done.
    • General administrative theory. An approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what constitutes good management practice.
    • Contingency approach. A management approach that recognizes organizations as different, which means they face different situations (contingencies) and require different ways of managing.
    • Contingency variable. A situational factor that moderates the relationship between two or more variables.
    • Management by objectives. A program that encompasses specific mutually agreed-upon goals with feedback on goal progress.
    • Management by walking around. A term used to describe when a manager is out in the work area interacting directly with employees.
    • Evidence-based management. The systematic use of the best available evidence to improve management practice.
    • Green management. Management in which managers consider the impact of their organization on the natural environment.
  12. Adaptive management.
  13. DevOps. Practice and a set of concepts, based on that practice, that define culture of unifying software development (Dev) and software operations (Ops). Its signature toolchain represents a chain of tools that fit one of the following categories: (a) Code, (b) Build, (c) Test, (d) Package, (e) Release, (f) Configure, and (e) Monitor.

Roles

  1. Managerial role. A specific action or behavior expected of and exhibited by a manager.
    LevelDecisional roleInformational roleInterpersonal role
    Non‑managerNegotiatorRarely, allocatorDisturbance handlerRarely, visionaryMonitorDisseminatorRarely, spokepersonRarely, figureheadRarely, influencerLiaison
    FrontlineResource allocatorFigureheadInfluencer
    MiddleSpokeperson
    TopVisionary
  2. Manager. (1) An individual who achieves goals through other people; (2) Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so organizational goals can be accomplished.
  3. Functional manager. A manager responsible for activities in a specialized department or function (e.g., engineering, manufacturing, marketing).
    • Line manager. (1) The manager of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. (2) A functional manager.

Methods

  1. Disciplinary action. An action taken by a manager to enforce the organization's work standards and regulations.
  2. Schedule compression. A group of techniques used to shorten the schedule without reducing the scope. The compression is not always possible and often requires an increase in the cost.
  3. Unity of command. The managerial technique that ensures unity of effort under one responsible person (or commander) for completing a task. In other words, unity of command is a principle, which idea is to make sure that each employee reports to one and only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible.
  4. Unstructured-task technique. An established procedure for resolving completely new tasks or tasks requiring working in unstructured environments.
    • Pair working. A scenario where two team members share a single workstation and work together to develop a single feature.
    • Swarming. Mutual work of team members with appropriate skills work together to complete a task that a team member is having trouble completing on his or her own.

Instruments

  1. Software upgrade. The replacement of a software product with a newer, improved version.
  2. Unified Process. A customizable framework developed for enterprise administration. This framework emphasizes (a) four project life-cycle phases, in which (b) six "engineering" disciplines such as business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, test, and deployment are applied, as well as (c) the strategic development tripod.

Results

  1. Operational plan. A plan that encompasses a particular operational area of the organization.
  2. Change request. Any request to change the performance measurement baseline or any other metric approved by a higher authority. Any scope change almost always requires an adjustment to the cost or schedule.
  3. Intention for bid (IFB). Communications, written or oral by the prospective sources showing their willingness to perform the specified work. This could be a letter, statement of qualifications or response to a request for proposal.

Practices

Human Perceptions Quarter is the successor lecture. In the enterprise implementation series, the next lecture is Talent Management Quarter.

Materials

Recorded audio

Recorded video

Live sessions

Texts and graphics

See also