Difference between revisions of "Educational Methods"

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[[File:Careerprise td.png|200px|thumb|[[Careerprise]]'s trade mark]][[File:Educaship-pipeline.png|400px|thumb|right|[[WorldOpp Pipeline]]]][[Educational Methods]] is the second [[presentation]] in the [[Introduction to Education]] lecture. The lecture itself is the fifth in [[WorldOpp Orientation]]. Consequently, the ''[[WorldOpp Orientation|Orientation]]'' is the first stage of [[WorldOpp Pipeline]].
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[[File:Cnm-digital.png|400px|thumb|right|[[CNMCyber suite]]s]]The [[Educational Methods]] (hereinafter, the ''Lesson'') is the [[lesson]] of [[CNMCyber]] that introduces its participants to various methods used in provision of [[education]]. The ''Lesson'' belongs to the '''[[Introduction to Education]]''' session of [[EmployableU Concepts]].
  
This wikipage presents its full script and those test questions that are related to that presentation.  
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The ''Lesson'' is made up of five [[lectio]]s. At [[CNMCyber]], the word, [[lectio]], is used for a lesson part.
  
  
==Script==
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==Summaries==
The video of the presentation is published at https://youtu.be/gjTMEDHpj3o (8:23). Here is its full text.
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===Predecessor===
 +
:The predecessor lesson is [[Education Essentials]].
  
===Overview===
+
===Outline===
:Welcome to ''Search For Job Candidates''. In this brief presentation, we are going to take a look at how recruiters look for candidates to hire.
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:{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"
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|+[[Educational Methods]]
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|width=25%|[[Lectio]]s
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!#!!Referred topics
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|-
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![[Methods of Study]]
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|1||[[Educational method]], [[learning activity]]
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|-
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![[Content Deliveries]]
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|2||[[Learning content delivery]], [[demonstrating]], [[job shadowing]], [[narrated instruction]], [[lecturing]], [[storytelling]]
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|-
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![[Practical Instructions]]
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|3||[[Practical instruction]], [[hands-on training]], [[guided experiment]]
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|-
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![[Cognitive Studies]]
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|4||[[Cognitive research]], [[formative assessment]], [[substantive discussion]], [[Socratic method]], [[elicitation technique]]
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|-
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![[Experiential Studies]]
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|5||[[Experiential learning]] ([[experiential learning|activity-based learning]], [[Experiential learning|learning by doing]], [[Experiential learning|learning through play]]), [[learning by making]] ([[project-based learning]], [[problem-based learning]]), [[exploratory research]], [[learning through failure]], [[case-based learning]]
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|}
  
:'''[[Educational method]]'''. An established [[procedure]] for one's [[education]]. These procedures can be grouped in several categories: [[narrated teaching]], [[practical instruction]], [[cognitive research]], [[experiential learning]], or some combination of those.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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===Successor===
:*'''[[Social-learning theory]]'''. The view that we can learn through both [[observation]] and direct experience.</div>
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:The successor lesson is [[Learning Management]].
  
:[[File:Narrated-teaching-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Narrated teaching]]]]'''[[Narrated teaching]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on some narration such as [[lecturing]], [[storytelling]], or [[demonstrating]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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==2019 Educational Methods presentation==
:*'''[[Lecturing]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on one or more [[lecture]]s.
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The video of the presentation is published on https://youtu.be/gjTMEDHpj3o (8:23). Here is its full text.
:*'''[[Storytelling]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on telling stories related to the subject of learning.
 
:*'''[[Demonstrating]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on one or more demonstrations.</div>
 
 
 
:[[File:Practical-instruction-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Practical instruction]]]]'''[[Practical instruction]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on prescribed practical exercises related to the subject of learning.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Hands-on training]]'''. Any [[practical instruction]] that is based on completion hands-on assignments according to step-by-step instructions.
 
:*'''[[Guided experiment]]'''. Any [[practical instruction]] that is based on executing some experiments according to step-by-step instructions.</div>
 
 
 
:'''[[Cognitive research]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on experience that requires cognitive analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation of the subject of learning.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Formative assessment]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on assessment that is formatted to provide detailed [[feedback]] afterwards, possibly during [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session. Learners may also be encouraged to either complete specified assessment activities or obtain specified scores on them.
 
:*'''[[Substantive discussion]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on one or more discussions on the matters that go beyond conventionally-formalized concepts, possibly followed by [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session.
 
:*'''[[Case method]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on usage of decision-forcing cases to put students in the role of people who were faced with difficult decisions at some point in the past. In sharp contrast to many other [[educational method]]s, the [[case method]] requires that instructors refrain from providing their own opinions about the decisions in question. At the same time, instructor's feedback may be provided during the following [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session.
 
:*'''[[Socratic method]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on [[critical thinking]] while answering challenging questions related to the subject of learning.</div>
 
 
 
:'''[[Experiential learning]]''' ([[Experiential learning|learning by doing]], [[Experiential learning|learning through play]]). Any [[educational method]] that is based on both direct experience and cognitive reflection on that experience. Those methods may include a wide range of techniques from [[observation]]s to [[experiment]]s and [[heuristic technique]]s, but the following consideration of what was observed and what can be learned is the key. That methodology may also be defined as ''learning through reflection on doing''.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Project-based learning]]''' ([[problem-based learning]]). An [[educational method]] that is based on experiential working on real-world projects related to the subject of learning.
 
:*'''[[Exploratory research]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on completing one or more researches that relate to the subject of learning, but which procedure cannot be fully prescribed and which results cannot be completely estimated.
 
:*'''[[Learning through failure]]'''. A [[heuristic technique]] to utilize experience for learning.</div>
 
  
 +
===Overview===
 +
:Welcome to ''Educational Methods''. In this brief presentation, we are going to take a look at those methods that educators use. Let's roll.
  
 
===What an educational method is===
 
===What an educational method is===
 +
:Educational method is an established procedure for one`s  education. This procedure can be grouped in several categories; [[narrated instruction]], practical instruction, cognitive research, experiential learning or some combination of those. Before jumping into these groups let`s site social learning theory which suggests that we can learn through both, observation and direct experience. Sometimes you just go, look, observe and you can learn from that. You don`t need a special setting or arrangement.
  
Educational method is an established procedure for one`s  education. This procedure can be grouped in several categories; narrated teaching, practical instruction, cognitive research, experiential learning or some combination of those. Before jumping into these groups let`s site social learning theory which suggests that we can learn through both, observation and direct experience. Sometimes you just go, look, observe and you can learn from that. You don`t need a special setting or arrangement. Anyway, back to narrated teaching. This is any educational method that is based on narration such as lecturing, storytelling, demonstrating.
+
===Narrated instruction===
 +
:[[File:Narrated-teaching-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Narrated instruction]]]]Anyway, back to [[narrated instruction]]. This is any educational method that is based on narration such as lecturing, storytelling, demonstrating.
  
Lecturing is based on lectures, storytelling is like telling stories and demonstrating includes one or more demonstrations. If you take a look at knowledge, skills and abilities which of these type of methods target, mostly target knowledge. It doesn`t give like a feeling or skills, or abilities, it`s not like beyond ability basically it`s knowledge. It gives administrative knowledge, occupation knowledge, industry knowledge if we talk about employment and KSA`s.  
+
:Lecturing is based on lectures, storytelling is like telling stories and demonstrating includes one or more demonstrations. If you take a look at knowledge, skills and abilities which of these type of methods target, mostly target knowledge. It doesn`t give like a feeling or skills, or abilities, it`s not like beyond ability basically it`s knowledge. It gives administrative knowledge, occupation knowledge, industry knowledge if we talk about employment and KSA`s.  
  
Let`s go to practical instruction. Practical instruction is any educational method that is based on prescribed, practical exercises relate to the subject of learning. It can include hands on training or guiding experiment. You have a very strict instructions or guides or steps i.e. do this, click here, click there, see what happens and you learn from that hands on experience.  
+
===Practical instruction===
 +
:[[File:Practical-instruction-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Practical instruction]]]]Let's go to practical instruction. Practical instruction is any educational method that is based on prescribed, practical exercises relate to the subject of learning. It can include hands on training or guiding experiment. You have a very strict instructions or guides or steps i.e. do this, click here, click there, see what happens and you learn from that hands on experience.  
  
Let`s take a look at targets and knowledge, skills and abilities. For this type of educational methods. It targets primarily skills. Of course it can be combined with knowledge or maybe abilities further but mostly target skills. It`s supposed to give you some feeling, how to feel like, how you can be a coder, you have coded a line so you have this feeling of emotion. So it gives skills but at the same time skills without knowledge may not be useful. Usually practical instructions are combined with something else.  
+
:Let's take a look at targets and knowledge, skills and abilities. For this type of educational methods. It targets primarily skills. Of course it can be combined with knowledge or maybe abilities further but mostly target skills. It`s supposed to give you some feeling, how to feel like, how you can be a coder, you have coded a line so you have this feeling of emotion. So it gives skills but at the same time skills without knowledge may not be useful. Usually practical instructions are combined with something else.  
  
Moving to cognitive research, this is educational method that is based on experience that requires cognitive analysis and or evaluation of the subject of learning. They key word is cognitive. It`s only related to knowledge again. And here, we have cognitive assessment. Let’s say if you want to take exam based on this lecture you will be given a formative assessment and you will be given a feedback, you will be given your result based on your answers. In this case you can learn through your assessment substantive discussion debate on some critical issues and is not prescribed. Especially it`s useful when the debriefing follows. This method was developed in the Harvard School of Business and basically it`s goal is to put learners into real world situations given some knowledge and force them to make a decision. In this case, teachers cannot be a part of a decision making. Their role is to be observers and later facilitate debriefing for lessons.  
+
===Cognitive research===
 +
:Moving to cognitive research, this is educational method that is based on experience that requires cognitive analysis and or evaluation of the subject of learning. They key word is cognitive. It`s only related to knowledge again. And here, we have cognitive assessment. Let’s say if you want to take exam based on this lecture you will be given a formative assessment and you will be given a feedback, you will be given your result based on your answers. In this case you can learn through your assessment substantive discussion debate on some critical issues and is not prescribed. Especially it`s useful when the debriefing follows. This method was developed in the Harvard School of Business and basically it`s goal is to put learners into real world situations given some knowledge and force them to make a decision. In this case, teachers cannot be a part of a decision making. Their role is to be observers and later facilitate debriefing for lessons.  
  
One more method is Socratic method, which was developed according to this letter by Socratis in ancient Greece and Socratis instead of giving answers on questions of his students, try to ask the questions and prompt them to arrive on their own conclusions. So to use critical thinking while answering challenging questions related to the subject of learning.  
+
:One more method is Socratic method, which was developed according to this letter by Socratis in ancient Greece and Socrates instead of giving answers on questions of his students, try to ask the questions and prompt them to arrive on their own conclusions. So to use critical thinking while answering challenging questions related to the subject of learning.  
  
Going back, cognitive research deals mostly with knowledge. It gives you like a better understanding or better feeling that it doesn`t necessarily give skills and abilities, in some cases it is not direct, it cannot be a role that is why target KSA matrix but once again it`s not about experience.  
+
:Going back, cognitive research deals mostly with knowledge. It gives you like a better understanding or better feeling that it doesn't necessarily give skills and abilities, in some cases it is not direct, it cannot be a role that is why target KSA matrix but once again it`s not about experience.  
  
Experiential learning, in other words learning by doing, or learning through play is any education method that is based on both direct experience in cognitive reflection on that experience. Cognitive reflection is the key because technically you can have some experience but that not necessarily lead you to learning. Some people live in the United States of America but they practice some English but they never learn English because they don`t reflect on that English and they can still be in their own language. So experiential learning can be project based learning, when you are given some project and work in a project sometimes in the team and project leads to some results, exploratory research where no one can know where their answer will be and I like learning through failure. In many cases it is how we learn faster than in any other methods.
+
===Experiential learning===
Once again getting back to experiential learning definition, this methodology may also be defined as learning through reflection on doing.  
+
:Experiential learning, in other words learning by doing, or learning through play is any education method that is based on both direct experience in cognitive reflection on that experience. Cognitive reflection is the key because technically you can have some experience but that not necessarily lead you to learning. Some people live in the United States of America but they practice some English but they never learn English because they don`t reflect on that English and they can still be in their own language. So experiential learning can be project based learning, when you are given some project and work in a project sometimes in the team and project leads to some results, exploratory research where no one can know where their answer will be and I like learning through failure. In many cases it is how we learn faster than in any other methods.  
  
Saying this we are ready to go to learning environments.
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:Once again getting back to experiential learning definition, this methodology may also be defined as learning through reflection on doing.
  
 
===Summary===
 
===Summary===
 
+
:This concludes the ''Educational Methods'' presentation. We have defined [[educational method]]s and taken a look at major of them such as [[narrated instruction]], [[practical instruction]], [[cognitive research]], and [[experiential learning]]. One [[heuristic]] called [[learning through failure]] was given a special consideration. If you haven't done yet so, you are now welcome to move to ''Learning Environments''.
==Quiz questions==
 
:Every statement below is split into one true and one false question in the actual exam.
 
 
 
==See also==
 
*[[Learning Environments]]. The third [[presentation]] in [[Introduction to Education]].
 
*[[Education Essentials]]. The first [[presentation]] in [[Introduction to Education]].
 
  
 
[[Category: Orientation Curriculum]][[Category:Presentations]]
 
[[Category: Orientation Curriculum]][[Category:Presentations]]

Latest revision as of 19:30, 29 October 2023

The Educational Methods (hereinafter, the Lesson) is the lesson of CNMCyber that introduces its participants to various methods used in provision of education. The Lesson belongs to the Introduction to Education session of EmployableU Concepts.

The Lesson is made up of five lectios. At CNMCyber, the word, lectio, is used for a lesson part.


Summaries

Predecessor

The predecessor lesson is Education Essentials.

Outline

Educational Methods
Lectios # Referred topics
Methods of Study 1 Educational method, learning activity
Content Deliveries 2 Learning content delivery, demonstrating, job shadowing, narrated instruction, lecturing, storytelling
Practical Instructions 3 Practical instruction, hands-on training, guided experiment
Cognitive Studies 4 Cognitive research, formative assessment, substantive discussion, Socratic method, elicitation technique
Experiential Studies 5 Experiential learning (activity-based learning, learning by doing, learning through play), learning by making (project-based learning, problem-based learning), exploratory research, learning through failure, case-based learning

Successor

The successor lesson is Learning Management.

2019 Educational Methods presentation

The video of the presentation is published on https://youtu.be/gjTMEDHpj3o (8:23). Here is its full text.

Overview

Welcome to Educational Methods. In this brief presentation, we are going to take a look at those methods that educators use. Let's roll.

What an educational method is

Educational method is an established procedure for one`s education. This procedure can be grouped in several categories; narrated instruction, practical instruction, cognitive research, experiential learning or some combination of those. Before jumping into these groups let`s site social learning theory which suggests that we can learn through both, observation and direct experience. Sometimes you just go, look, observe and you can learn from that. You don`t need a special setting or arrangement.

Narrated instruction

Anyway, back to narrated instruction. This is any educational method that is based on narration such as lecturing, storytelling, demonstrating.
Lecturing is based on lectures, storytelling is like telling stories and demonstrating includes one or more demonstrations. If you take a look at knowledge, skills and abilities which of these type of methods target, mostly target knowledge. It doesn`t give like a feeling or skills, or abilities, it`s not like beyond ability basically it`s knowledge. It gives administrative knowledge, occupation knowledge, industry knowledge if we talk about employment and KSA`s.

Practical instruction

Let's go to practical instruction. Practical instruction is any educational method that is based on prescribed, practical exercises relate to the subject of learning. It can include hands on training or guiding experiment. You have a very strict instructions or guides or steps i.e. do this, click here, click there, see what happens and you learn from that hands on experience.
Let's take a look at targets and knowledge, skills and abilities. For this type of educational methods. It targets primarily skills. Of course it can be combined with knowledge or maybe abilities further but mostly target skills. It`s supposed to give you some feeling, how to feel like, how you can be a coder, you have coded a line so you have this feeling of emotion. So it gives skills but at the same time skills without knowledge may not be useful. Usually practical instructions are combined with something else.

Cognitive research

Moving to cognitive research, this is educational method that is based on experience that requires cognitive analysis and or evaluation of the subject of learning. They key word is cognitive. It`s only related to knowledge again. And here, we have cognitive assessment. Let’s say if you want to take exam based on this lecture you will be given a formative assessment and you will be given a feedback, you will be given your result based on your answers. In this case you can learn through your assessment substantive discussion debate on some critical issues and is not prescribed. Especially it`s useful when the debriefing follows. This method was developed in the Harvard School of Business and basically it`s goal is to put learners into real world situations given some knowledge and force them to make a decision. In this case, teachers cannot be a part of a decision making. Their role is to be observers and later facilitate debriefing for lessons.
One more method is Socratic method, which was developed according to this letter by Socratis in ancient Greece and Socrates instead of giving answers on questions of his students, try to ask the questions and prompt them to arrive on their own conclusions. So to use critical thinking while answering challenging questions related to the subject of learning.
Going back, cognitive research deals mostly with knowledge. It gives you like a better understanding or better feeling that it doesn't necessarily give skills and abilities, in some cases it is not direct, it cannot be a role that is why target KSA matrix but once again it`s not about experience.

Experiential learning

Experiential learning, in other words learning by doing, or learning through play is any education method that is based on both direct experience in cognitive reflection on that experience. Cognitive reflection is the key because technically you can have some experience but that not necessarily lead you to learning. Some people live in the United States of America but they practice some English but they never learn English because they don`t reflect on that English and they can still be in their own language. So experiential learning can be project based learning, when you are given some project and work in a project sometimes in the team and project leads to some results, exploratory research where no one can know where their answer will be and I like learning through failure. In many cases it is how we learn faster than in any other methods.
Once again getting back to experiential learning definition, this methodology may also be defined as learning through reflection on doing.

Summary

This concludes the Educational Methods presentation. We have defined educational methods and taken a look at major of them such as narrated instruction, practical instruction, cognitive research, and experiential learning. One heuristic called learning through failure was given a special consideration. If you haven't done yet so, you are now welcome to move to Learning Environments.